Chapter+12+Visuals

Visuals
=Section 2 — President Washington Creates a Foreign Policy= =Washington's Farewell Address =

George Washington’s Farewell Address was published in newspapers in 1796. As part of his advice to the nation, he urged neutrality in foreign relations.

Library of Congress

=North American Land Claims, 1796 =



In 1796, the United States was surrounded by colonies that belonged to the European countries of Great Britain, France, and Spain. What problems do you think this fact might have caused for the newly independent United States?

=Section 3 — President Adams’s Dilemma: Protecting U.S. Ships= =The XYZ Affair = In this cartoon, American envoys meet with a French diplomat, depicted as a multiheaded monster holding a dagger. The cartoonist shared the negative view of French diplomacy held by most Americans in the 1790s.

The Granger Collection, New York.

=Section 4 — What Happened: Adams Pursues Peace= =President Adams Builds Up the Navy = President John Adams believed that the United States needed a strong navy. Congress approved the construction of 12 warships, including the Philadelphia, shown here under construction in 1800.

The Granger Collection, New York.

=Section 5 — President Jefferson’s Dilemma: Dealing with Pirates= =The Barbary Coast =

In the late 1700s and early 1800s, the Mediterranean Sea was filled with pirates who attacked U.S. merchant ships. The United States paid tribute to leaders of the Barbary States to prevent these attacks.

=Section 7 — President Madison’s Dilemma: Protecting Sailors and Settlers= =Tecumseh =



The Shawnee leader Tecumseh united American Indians in an attempt to halt the advance of white settlers onto Indian lands.

Library of Congress

=Section 8 — What Happened: The War of 1812= =Major Battles in the War of 1812 = This map shows American and British offensives, or attacks, during the War of 1812. Despite victories on both sides, neither country really won the war. Still, the war had important effects in the United States.

=Section 9 — President Monroe’s Dilemma: A New Foreign Policy Challenge= =Miguel Hidalgo =

A Catholic priest, Miguel Hidalgo (lower center), inspired an independence movement in Mexico. In his upraised hand, Hidalgo holds the flames of revolution that spread throughout Latin America in the early 1800s.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Schalkwijt/Art resource, New York.

=Section 10 — What Happened: The Monroe Doctrine= =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 130%;">Monroe Doctrine =

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">With the Monroe Doctrine by his side, Uncle Sam warns foreign powers to keep their “hands off” the Americas. Even though the Monroe Doctrine is more than 180 years old, it still guides U.S. presidents as they make foreign policy decisions.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">The Granger Collection, New York.